An electrical conductor is a material that allows electric current to flow through it with minimal resistance. This is because the atoms in these materials have loosely bound electrons that can move freely when an electric field is applied.

The most common materials used for conductors are metals, with copper and aluminum being the two most prevalent choices in electrical installations worldwide. Copper is highly valued for its superior conductivity, durability, and resistance to corrosion, making it a primary choice for a wide range of applications, from household wiring to high-voltage equipment. Aluminum, while less conductive than copper by volume, is lightweight and more cost-effective, making it a popular option for long-distance power transmission lines.